Consonants: Shifts Between Weak and Strong |
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Several consonants, as outlined in the following table (and discussed on the previous page), form pairs:
Weak
|
Strong
|
b
|
p
|
d
|
g
|
j
|
ch
|
g
|
k
|
z
|
s
|
zh
|
sh
|
These consonants are also different with respect to where they occur in words, the chief difference being that the strong consonants never appear at the beginning of a word, except in a few rare cases where a syllable which would normally precede them has been deleted, as in, for example, chi-mookomaan, 'American,' which shows reduction of gichi-, 'big,' to chi-. In the overwhelming majority of cases, however, words only begin with weak consonants.
Strengthening after Gii- and Wii-. After the preverbs gii- 'past tense,' and wii- 'future tense; want to,' weak consonants become strong. The following examples illustrate.
Simple | Gloss | With Gii- or Wii- |
baapi | 'laugh' | gii-paapi |
dagoshin | 'arrive' | gii-takoshin |
jiibaakwe | 'cook' | gii-chiibaakwe |
giiwe | 'go home' | gii-kiiwe |
zegizi | 'be afraid' | gii-segizi |
zhooshkwaada'e | 'skate' | gii-shooshkwaada'e |
Now this can be potentially for people trying to look words up in the dictionary, because you won't find an entry paapi in the dictionary-- rather that word will be listed in its normal form baapi. But here's the trick-- since no word in Anishinaabemowin starts with a strong consonant, you can be reasonably sure that when you see a word stem, such as those above, that has a strong first consonant-- that the basic word actually begins with the weak partner to the strong consonant it starts with. So, for example, if you see (or hear) gii-tanakii, you can be reasonably certain that the basic form of the verb will have the t of tanakii changed to d, that is, be danakii.